References and Further Reading

Lesson 1: Introduction to Resiliency

Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What we have learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd.

Doll, B., & Lyon, M. (1998). Risk and resilience: Implications for the practice of school psychology. School Psychology Review, 27, 348–363.

Foster, J. R. (1997). Successful coping, adaptation and resilience in the elderly: An interpretation of epidemiologic data. Psychiatric Quarterly, 68(3), 189–219.

Garmezy, N., & Neuchterlein, K. (1972). Invulnerable children: The fact and fiction of competence and disadvantage. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 42, 328–329.

Henderson, N., & Milstein, M. (1996). Resiliency in schools: Making it happen for students and educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Janas, M. (2002). Build resiliency. Intervention in School and Clinic, 38(2), 117–121.

Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543–562.

Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcame adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425–444.

Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205–220.

Rutter, M. (1984). Resilient children. Psychology Today, 3, 57–65.

Werner, E. E. (1989). Children of the garden island. Scientific American, 260, 107–111.

Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Wolin, S. J., & Wolin, S. (1993). The resilient self: How survivors of troubled families rise above adversity. New York: Villard Books.

Wyman, P. A., Sandler, I., Wolchik, S. A., & Nelson, K. (2000). Resilience as cumulative competence promotion and stress protection: Theory and intervention. In D. Cicchetti, J. Rappaport, I. Sandler, & R. P. Weissberg (Eds.), The promotion of wellness in children and adolescents (pp. 133–184). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Zimmerman, M. A., & Arunkumar, R. (1994). Resiliency research: Implications for schools and policy. Social Policy Report, 8(4), 1–18.

Lesson 2: At-Risk vs. At-Promise

Antonovsky, A. (1990). A somewhat personal odyssey in studying the stress process. Stress Medicine, 6, 71–80.

Benard, B. (1995). Fostering resilience in children. ERIC Digest. Urbana, IL: ERIC.

Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What we have learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd.

Blyth, D. A., & Roelkepartian, E. C. (1993). Healthy communities, healthy youth. Minneapolis, MN: Search Institute.

Fergusson, D. M., & Woodward, L. J. (2002). Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(3), 225–231.

Gardner, D.P. (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for education reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Goodlad, J., & Keating, P. (1990). Access to knowledge: An agenda for our nation's schools. New York: The College Entrance Examination Board.

Olson, D., Russell, C., & Sprenkle, D. (1989). Family inventories manual. St. Paul: University of Minnesota, Family Inventories Project.

Rak, C. F. (2002). Heroes in the nursery: Three case studies in resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 247–260.

Reiss, D. (1981). The family's construction of reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rich, G. J. (2003). The positive psychology of youth and adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(1), 1–3.

Rockwell, S. (1998). Overcoming four myths that prevent fostering resilience. Reaching Today's Youth: The Community Circle of Caring Journal, 2(3), 14–17.

Stinnett, N. (Ed.). (1982). Family strengths #4. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Wilens, T. E., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., and Gunawardene, S. (2003). Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature. Pediatrics, 111, 179–185.

Lesson 3: Personal Strengths

Beardslee, W. R., & Podorefsky, D. (1988). Resilient adolescents whose parents have serious affective and other psychiatric disorders: Importance of self-understanding and relationships. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(1), 63–69.

Benard, B. and Marshal, K. (2001). Protective factors in individuals, families, and schools: National longitudinal study on adolescent health findings. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, National Resilience Resource Center.

Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What we have learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd.

Block, J. (1971). Lives through time. Berkeley, CA: Bancroft Books.

Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), The Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Bong, M. (2004). Academic motivation in self-efficacy, task value, achievement goal orientations, and attributional beliefs. Journal of Education Research, 97(6), 287–297.

Bridges, L. J. (2003). Autonomy as an element of developmental well-being. In M. H. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. L. M. Keyes, & K. A. Moore. (Eds.), Well-being: Positive development across the life course (pp. 167–176). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., Gordon, A. S., & Whiteman, M. (1990). The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use: A family interactional approach. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 116, 111–267.

Brook, J. S., Namura, C., & Cohen, P. (1989). A network of influences on adolescent drug involvement: Neighborhood, school, peer, and family. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 113, 125–143.

Covington, M. V. (2000). Goal theory, motivation, and school achievement. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 171–200.

Eccles, J., Wigfield, A., & Schiefele, U. (1998). Motivation to succeed. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 1017–1095). New York: Wiley.

Garmezy, N. (1996). Reflections and commentary on risk, resilience, and development. In R. Haggerty, L. R. Sherrod, N. Garmezy, & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress, risk, and resilience in children and adolescents: Processes, mechanisms, and interventions (pp. 1–18). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Garmezy, N., & Rutter, M. (1983). Stress, coping, and development in children. New York: McGraw Hill.

Goodenow, C., & Grady, K. (1993). The relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students. The Journal of Experimental Education, 62, 60–71.

Henderson, N. (1997). Resiliency and asset development: A continuum for youth and success. Resiliency in Action, 2(1), 23–27.

Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of ego-resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1067–1079.

Kobe, L. M., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Rickers, J. D. (2001). Self-reported leadership experiences in relation to inventoried social and emotional intelligence. Current Psychology, 20(2),154–163.

Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543–563.

Ma, X. (2003). Sense of belonging to school: Can schools make a difference? The Journal of Educational Research, 96, 340–349.

Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.

Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205–220.

McCombs, B. (1991). Metacognition and motivation in higher level thinking. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

Murphy, L. B., & Moriarity, A. (1976). Vulnerability, coping, and growth: From infancy to adolescence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Pruess, L. J., & Dubow, E. F. (2004). A comparison between intellectually gifted and typical children in their coping responses to a school and a peer stressor. Roeper Review, 26(2), 105–111.

Rogers, C. (1980). A way of being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316–330.

Sweeney, B., & Carruthers, W. L. (1996). Conflict resolution: History, philosophy, theory, and educational applications. The School Counselor, 43, 327–344.

Werner, E. (1996). How kids become resilient: Observations and cautions. Resiliency in Action, 1(1), 18–28.

Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Lesson 4: Social and Emotional Intelligence

Belsky, J. K. (1990). The psychology of aging: Theory, research, and interventions. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Bocchino, R. (1999). Emotional literacy: To be a different kind of smart. Port Chester, New York. National Professional Resources.

Brendtro, L., and Longhurst, J. (2005). The resilient brain. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 14, 52–60.

Ford, M. E., & Tisak, M. S. (1983). A further search for social intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 196–206.

Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

Henderson, N. (2002). Resiliency in schools: Making it happen for students and educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Horn, J. L., & Cattell, R. B. (1966). Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 253–270.

Jones, K., & Day, J. (1996). Cognitive similarities between academically and socially gifted students. Roeper Review, 18, 270–274. 

Richburg, J. M., & Fletcher, T. B. (2002). Emotional intelligence: Directing a child's emotional education. Child Study Journal, 32, 31–38.

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211.

Silvera, D., Martinussen, M., & Dahl, T. (2001). The Tromoso Social Intelligence Scale, a self report measure of social intelligence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 313–319.  

Smith, D. (1995). Social giftedness: Its characteristics and identification. Gifted Education International, 11(1), 24–30.

Thomsen, K. (2002). Building resilient students: Integrating resiliency into what you already know and do. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Thorndike, E. L. (1920). Intelligence and its use. Harper's Magazine, 140, 227–235.

Wong, C. M. T., Day, J. D., Maxwell, S. E., & Meara, N. M. (1995). A multitrait-multimethod study of academic and social intelligence in college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 117–133.

Zins, J., Bloodworth, M., Weissberg, R., & Walberg, H. (2004). The scientific base linking social and emotional learning to school success. In J. Zins, R. Weissberg, M. Wang, & H. J. Walbert (Eds.), Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? (pp. 3–22). New York: Teachers College Press.

Lesson 5: Environmental Effects on Resiliency

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gerard, J. M., & Buehler, C. (1999). Multiple risk factors in the family environment and youth problem behaviors. Journal of Marriage and Family Therapy, 61(5), 343–361.

Seccombe, K. (2002). "Beating the odds" versus "changing the odds": Poverty, resilience, and family policy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 384–394.

Tiet, Q. Q., Bird, H. R., Davies, M., Hoven, C., Cohen, P., Jensen, P. S., & Goodman, S. (1998). Adverse life events and resilience. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(11), 1191–1200.

Walker, B., Gunderson, L., Kinzig, A., Folke, C., Carpenter, S., and Schultz, L. (2006). A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 11, 13–26.

Werner, E. E. (1993). Risk, resilience, and recovery: Perspectives from the Kauai Longitudinal Study. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 503–515.

Lesson 6: Optimism vs. Resiliency

Bissonnette, M. (1998, August). Optimism, hardiness, and resiliency: A review of the literature. Paper prepared for The Child and Family Partnership Project.

Gillham, J., & Reivich, K. (2004). Cultivating optimism in childhood and adolescence. The Annals of the American Academy, 591, 146–163. 

Hagen, K., Myers, B., & Mackintosh, V. (2005). Hope, social support, and behavioral problems in at-risk children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 211-219.

Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55, 44–55.

Peterson, C., Seligman, M. E. P., & Vaillant, G. E. (1988). Pessimistic explanatory style is a risk factor for physical illness: A thirty-five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 23–27.

Seligman, M. E. (1990). Learned optimism. New York: Knopf.

Seligman, M. E. (1995). The optimistic child. New York: Harper Perennial. 

Seligman, M. E. (1997). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: Freeman.

Lesson 7: Summary—What is Resiliency

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Marvin, N. (Producer), & Darabont, F. (Director). (1994). The Shawshank Redemption (Motion Picture). United States: Columbia Pictures.

Lesson 8: When Adults Believe in Resiliency

Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Watson, M., & Schaps, E. (1997). Caring school communities. Educational Psychologist, 32(3), 137–151.

Benard, B. (1998). How to be a turnaround teacher. Reaching Today's Youth, 2(3), 31–35. 

Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What we have learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd.

Henderson, N. (1998). Make resiliency happen. The Education Digest, 63, 15–18.

Marshall, K. (2004). Resilience research and practice. In H. Wasman, Y. Padron, & J. Gray. (Eds.), Educational resiliency: Student, teacher and school perspectives.  Greenwich, CT: Information Age. 

Milstein, M., & Henry, D. (2000). Spreading resiliency: Making it happen for schools and communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Thompsen, K. (2002). Building resilient students: Integrating resiliency into what you already know and do. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Lesson 9: Whole School Approaches

Benard, B. (1998). How to be a turnaround teacher. Reaching Today's Youth, 2(3), 31–35. 

Bickart, T., Wolin, S. Practicing resilience in the elementary classroom. Principal, 77(2), 21–22.

Bosworth, K. and Earthman, E. (2002). From theory to practice: School leaders' perspectives on resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 299–306.

Brockner, J., & Weisenfeld, B. M. (1996). An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: Interactive effects of outcomes and procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 189–208.

Cohn, M. M., & Kottkamp, R. B. (1993). Teachers: The missing voice in education. Albany: State University of New York.

Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 386–400.

Doll, B., Zucker, S., & Brehm, K. (2004). Resilient classrooms: Creating healthy environments for learning. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Embry, D. (1997). Does your school have a peaceful environment? Interventions in School and Clinic, 32, 217–223.

Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hawkins, J. D., Doueck, H. J., & Lishner, D. M. (1988). Changing teaching practices in mainstream classrooms to improve bonding and behavior of low achievers. American Educational Research Journal, 25(1), 31–50.

Henderson, N., & Milstein, M. (1996). Resiliency in schools: Making it happen for students and educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Steinberg, L. (1996). Beyond the classroom. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Zimmerman, M. A., & Arunkumar, R. (1994). Resiliency research: Implications for schools and policy. Social Policy Report, 8(4), 1–18.

Lesson 10: Building Social and Emotional Competencies

Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Watson, M., Schaps, E. (1997). Caring school communities. Educational Psychologist, 32, 137–151.

Benard, B. (1991). Fostering resiliency in kids: Protective factors in the family, school, and community. Portland, OR: Western Regional Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities.

Benard, B. (1993). Fostering resiliency in kids. Educational Leadership, 51(3), 44–48.

Benard, B. (1995). Fostering resilience in children. ERIC Digest. Urbana, IL: ERIC.

Benard, B. (1998). How to be a turnaround teacher. Reaching Today's Youth, 2(3), 31–35. 

Doll, B., Zucker, S., & Brehm, K. (2004). Resilient classrooms: Creating healthy environments for learning. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Edwards, C. (2001). Moral classroom communities for student resiliency. The Education Digest, 67, 15–21.

Elias, M., & Tobias, S. (1996). Social problem solving: Interventions in the schools. New York: Guilford Press.

Gibbs, J. (2001). Tribes: A new way of learning and being together. Sausalito, CA: Center Source Systems, LLC.

Ginott, H. (1972). Teacher and child. New York: Macmillan.

Milstein, M., & Henry, D. (2000). Spreading resiliency: Making it happen for schools and communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Pisapia, J., & Westfall, A. (1994). Developing resilient schools and resilient students (Research Brief No. 19). Richmond, VA: Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED411343)

Roeser, R. W., Eccles, J. S., & Stroebel, K. R. (1998). Linking the study of schooling and mental health: Selected issues and empirical illustrations at the level of the individual. Educational Psychologist, 33, 153–176.

Rohnke, K. (1989). Cowtails and cobras II: A guide to games, initiatives, ropes courses, and adventure curriculum. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

Strahan, D., Cope, M., Hundley, S., and Faircloth, C. (2005). Positive discipline with students who need it most: Lessons learned in an alternative approach. The Clearing House, 79, 25–32.

Wentzel, K. R. (1991). Social competence at school: The relation between social responsibility and academic achievement. Review of Educational Research, 61, 1–24.

Zins, J., Weissberg, R., Wang, M., and Walberg, H. (2001). Social-emotional learning and school success: Maximizing children’s potential by integrating thinking, feeling, behavior. The CEIC Review, 10, 1–27.

Zins, J., Bloodworth, M., Weissberg, R., & Walberg, H. (2004). The scientific base linking social and emotional learning to school success. In J. Zins, R. Weissberg, M. Wang, & H. J. Walbert (Eds.), Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? (pp. 3–22). New York: Teachers College Press.

Lesson 11: Assessing Resiliency

Fish, M. C., & Dane, E. (2000). The "Classroom Systems Observation Scale": Development of an instrument to assess classrooms using a systems perspective. Learning Environments Research, 3(1), 67–92.

Milstein, M., & Henry, D. (2000). Spreading resiliency: Making it happen for schools and communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Pianta, R. C. (2001). Student-teacher relationship scale. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Pintrich, P., Smith, D., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (Technical Report No. 91–B–004). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). BASC-2: Behavior assessment system for children. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Sagor, R. (1996). Building resiliency in students. Educational Leadership, 54, 38–43.

Wolman, J., Campeau, P., Dubois, P., Mithaug, D., & Stolarksi, V. (1994). AIR self-determination scale and user guide. Palo Alto, CA: American Institutes for Research.

Lesson 12: Reaction Paper

Corwin, M. (2000). And Still We Rise: The Trials and Triumphs of Twelve Gifted Inner-City Students. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.

McCourt, F. (1996). Angela's Ashes. New York, NY: Scribner.

Merryn, E. (2004). Stolen Innocence: Triumphing Over a Childhood Broken by Abuse: A Memoir. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc.

Pelzer, D. (1997). The Lost Boy. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc.

Suskind, R. (1998). A Hope in the Unseen. New York, NY: Broadway Books.